During the 14th plenary session of the Senate, the report of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis for Human Rights (Ombudsman) on activities carried out in 2025 was reviewed.

It was noted that in 2025, the Ombudsman Institution implemented a number of measures aimed at ensuring effective parliamentary oversight over compliance with legislation on human rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests, based on new constitutional provisions. Efforts were also directed at improving national legislation in this sphere, strengthening the national preventive mechanism, developing international cooperation, and enhancing citizens’ legal awareness and culture.

In 2025, a total of 26,372 appeals were submitted to the Ombudsman, representing an increase of 12.6% compared to 2024. Regionally, the highest number of appeals was recorded in Kashkadarya region (4,159), Surkhandarya region (2,769), and the city of Tashkent (3,599). The lowest number of appeals came from the Republic of Karakalpakstan (681) and Syrdarya region (696).

Within the framework of the Senate Resolution dated March 18, 2025, visits were conducted to districts with the highest number of appeals—Kasansky district of Kashkadarya region and Denau district of Surkhandarya region. Open dialogues with citizens were organized in more than 20 mahallas, with the participation of representatives of relevant agencies and civil society institutions, during which issues raised in appeals were discussed. As a result, proposals to improve the system for handling appeals were developed and submitted to the Senate Committee on Judicial and Legal Issues and Anti-Corruption.

In response to the increase in appeals related to violence against women, the Ombudsman initiated the launch of the “Equality and Respect” platform in 2025 to assess the effectiveness of legislation on women’s rights and to strengthen parliamentary oversight. More than 150 group and individual consultations were conducted in rehabilitation centers with women who had experienced violence, and assistance was provided. Based on the findings, proposals were developed and submitted to the chambers of the Oliy Majlis.

As part of the implementation of the Senate Resolution of March 18, 2025, the Ombudsman paid particular attention to identifying legislative gaps and issues in law enforcement practice through systematic analysis of appeals. In particular, in 2025, three draft laws aimed at further strengthening guarantees of human rights and freedoms were developed. 1 legislative proposal submitted under the right of legislative initiative was reviewed and adopted by the Legislative Chamber. Additionally, 11 regulatory legal acts were developed by state bodies based on the Ombudsman’s recommendations.

As a result of the review of appeals and monitoring visits, 194 response measures were introduced to eliminate human rights violations, 82% of which were resolved positively.

In 2025, a total of 11 billion 82 million soums were recovered based on citizens’ appeals. This included: housing compensations amounting to 3 billion 936 million soums; wages and other labor-related payments totaling 2 billion 715 million soums (including 409.3 million soums in wages for convicted persons); debts and damages amounting to 3 billion 361 million soums; and alimony payments exceeding 604 million soums.

A total of 118 officials who violated human rights were held accountable, including disciplinary, administrative, and criminal liability.

A total of 954 monitoring visits were conducted to institutions where persons with restricted freedom of movement are held (902 in 2024). More than 11,000 collective and 5,487 individual interviews were conducted with convicted persons and detainees. Based on the submitted recommendations, detention conditions in several institutions were improved, over 8.5 billion soums were allocated, and temporary detention facilities in the Chinaz, Kibray, and Yukorichirchik districts of Tashkent region were closed.

In the international sphere, the Ombudsman joined the Asia-Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions, signed a “Roadmap” for 2025–2026 with the Human Rights Commissioner of the Russian Federation, and concluded memorandums of cooperation with the Danish Ombudsman and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation of Germany.

However, during the plenary session, it was noted that certain shortcomings and issues requiring attention remain.

In particular, the number of appeals received in 2025 (26,372) increased by 2,950, or 12.6%, compared to 2024.

An analysis of the appeals shows that 32% concerned economic rights, representing a 26% increase compared to 2024. Most of these appeals related to disagreements with court decisions, guarantees of private property, labor rights, and related issues.

In 2025, 585 appeals were received regarding harassment and violence against women, including domestic abuse and unlawful interference in private life, which is an increase of 291 cases, or 99%, compared to 2024 (294). This indicates the continued relevance of these issues and the need to further strengthen preventive and protective mechanisms.

Additionally, regional representatives of the Ombudsman received 7,010 appeals (3,857 in 2024), both from the central office and directly from citizens.

During the discussions, specific tasks were identified, including the effective use of legal response measures, analysis of appeals with regard to regions with the highest number of submissions, and improvement of the activities of regional representatives in preventing torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.

The South East Asia National Human Rights Institutions Forum (SEANF) opened its first Technical Working Group (TWG) Meeting of 2026 at The Grand Mercure Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, with delegates attending both in person and via the Zoom platform. The three-day gathering, which runs until 23 April, is being held under the Chairpersonship of the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM). The meeting includes two dedicated side events: Defending the Defenders on the afternoon of 22 April, and the Forum on Human Rights, Business and Climate Justice 2026 on 23 April.

Delivering the opening remarks, SUHAKAM Commissioner Abdul Kadir Jailani Ismail welcomed SEANF members, noting this as the first in-person meeting under Malaysia’s chairpersonship since the COVID-19 pandemic. He highlighted two central topics: “Defending the Defenders” and “Human Rights, Business, and Climate Justice,” drawing attention to the increasing use of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) across Southeast Asia to silence human rights defenders. On climate justice, he commended the recent ASEAN Declaration on the Right to a Safe, Clean, Healthy, and Sustainable Environment. “Let’s be politically savvy enough to navigate the current tensions, but diplomatically brave enough to put human rights at the very centre of the table,” he concluded, formally declaring the meeting open.

Timor-Leste’s national human rights institution, the Provedor de Direitos Humanos e Justiça (PDHJ), is represented at the meeting by Chief of Staff Mr. Auréo José António Savio and Communication and Public Relations Specialist Mr. Antoninho Bernardino. Notably, the Ombudsman for Human Rights and Justice, Mr. Virgilio da Silva Guterres “Lamukan,” participated as a panelist in the Defending the Defenders side event. His invitation stemmed from both his current mandate as Ombudsman and his personal experience as a former political prisoner, offering a unique perspective on the protection of human rights defenders operating under repressive conditions.

During the session on major developments, PDHJ reported significant legal victories, including a court ruling in its favor on the PNTL recruitment case, which led the government to cancel and reopen the flawed admission process. PDHJ also submitted a shadow report on the UNCRPD, advanced OPCAT ratification advocacy, and finalized a concept note on enforced disappearances. In promotion and capacity building, PDHJ trained 24 PNTL members and 22 FALINTIL-FDTL defence force members, engaged 25 local authorities, and reached 124 students through dissemination sessions. On protection, PDHJ handled 62 complaints and conducted urgent monitoring of seven cases, alongside detention, social protection center, and health facility monitoring across multiple locations. To strengthen institutional presence, PDHJ swore in 13 new public administration agents as focal points deployed to nine municipalities.

The formal TWG proceedings, held on 21 April and the morning of 22 April, included the adoption of the agenda and introductory remarks by SEANF members; sharing of major developments and activities since the 22nd SEANF Annual Conference, with presentations from CHRP (Philippines), NHRCT (Thailand), PDHJ (Timor-Leste), MNHRC (Myanmar), Komnas HAM (Indonesia), and SUHAKAM (Malaysia); a dedicated session on the implementation of the 2022–2026 SEANF Strategic Plan, covering four priorities: human rights in a post-COVID environment (led by CHRP), business and human rights (MNHRC), torture prevention (NHRCT), and institutional strengthening of SEANF (SUHAKAM and Komnas HAM); and “Other Matters” including updates on older persons’ rights, the Inter-NHRI Mechanism, and the impact of armed conflict and energy crises on human rights. Additional sessions covered discussions on responses to external communications addressed to SEANF, an update from the SEANF Strategic Communications Working Group (SCWG) presented by PDHJ, and preparations for the 2nd SEANF TWG Meeting and 23rd Annual Conference. A welcoming dinner and cultural activities took place on the evening of 21 April.

The South East Asia National Human Rights Institutions Forum (SEANF) is a regional network comprising the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) of Southeast Asian countries. Established to promote and protect human rights through cooperation, dialogue, and capacity-building, SEANF meets annually and through technical working groups to exchange good practices, address emerging human rights challenges, and strengthen the effectiveness of NHRIs across the region. Its Rules of Procedure mandate the Chairperson to organize two TWG meetings and one Annual Conference each year.

On 17 April, the First online Assembly Meeting of the European Network on Transparency and the Right to Information (ENTRI) was held within the framework of the International Conference of Information Commissioners (ICIC).

The purpose of the event was to discuss the establishment and activities of working groups on the use of artificial intelligence in handling access to information requests, proactive transparency, and privacy and personal data protection.

Speaking at the event, Sabina Aliyeva, the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan, noted that ENTRI plays a key role in strengthening regional cooperation and fostering a coordinated approach, and expressed confidence that it will become an effective platform for information exchange and the promotion of transparency, accountability, and good governance.

Sabina Aliyeva stated that the Ombudsman Institution of Azerbaijan stands ready to actively contribute to the work of all three working groups by sharing its positive practices and engaging in constructive dialogue.

The event also featured detailed discussions on the future directions of the working groups and included interventions by participants.

A workshop under the Ambassador Program of the Provincial Ombudsman Sindh was held at Ziauddin University on 22nd April 2026, highlighting the role of the Ombudsman Office in ensuring administrative justice for the public.

Dr. Professor Muhammad Ali Sheikh, Vice Chancellor of Ziauddin University, welcomed the Honorable Ombudsman Sindh and his team. Drawing on his earlier experience with the Ombudsman Office, he shared insights into the complaint redressal process and highlighted how timely, free-of-cost justice plays a vital role in strengthening accountability and public trust. He appreciated the Ombudsman office for indulging the youth in promoting civic responsibility.

Ms. Shaaista Sarki, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Politics and Governance, emphasized the vital role of academic engagement in promoting awareness of legal rights. She noted that the program effectively bridges the gap between theory and practice, enabling students to apply their knowledge in real-world contexts. She further highlighted that the initiative equips students with the skills to engage diverse audiences and communicate ideas with clarity and confidence. It also encourages Ambassadors to take an active role in their communities by raising awareness of mandate of Ombudsman Institute thereby serving as a meaningful link between the institution and the wider public.

Addressing the audience, the Honorable Provincial Ombudsman Sindh, Mr. Sohail Rajput stated that, The Ombudsman office was established in 1991 to provide free, fair, transparent, and speedy justice regarding complaints against government departments and agencies. Despite a large population, public awareness about the institution remains limited, which is why this outreach initiative is essential.

He emphasized the role of student ambassadors in strengthening outreach and bridging the gap between the institution and the public so far, we have selected 70 Ambassadors for seven universities and Ziauddin is eighth in row. He also noted a significant rise in complaints, from around 8,000 in previous years to nearly 25,000 in 2025, reflecting improved accessibility and public engagement through this program as well as Khuli khacharies (open house meetings), social media and public campaign.

He further highlighted the introduction of an automated Complaint Management System (CMS) to enhance the transparency and public trust in grievance redressal system by enabling complainants to track the progress of their cases. He also shared a 78% relief ratio, indicating that a majority of decisions have been made in favor of complainants.

Ms. Rehana G. Ali Memon, Advisor, and Masood Ishrat, Registrar, Secretariat Provincial Ombudsman Sindh, also briefed participants on the program’s objectives and operational framework. The event concluded with an interactive Q&A session led by the Honorable Ombudsman Sindh and vote of thanks by Registrar, Ziauddin University.

The Commissioner of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) participated on April 9, 2026, in an online regional event titled “The Role of North–South, South–South and Triangular Cooperation in the Realization of All Human Rights, Including the Right to Development”, organized by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

During the event, discussions focused on ensuring environmental rights, protecting the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, as well as strengthening international and regional cooperation mechanisms in this field. Particular attention was paid to enhancing cooperation among state bodies, national human rights institutions, international organizations and civil society institutions in ensuring rights related to environmental processes.

In her statement, the Ombudsman highlighted the significance of Uzbekistan’s participation in the Aarhus Convention and outlined the ongoing practical reforms in the field of human rights in the country. In particular, attention was drawn to approaches aimed at advancing environmental rights, ensuring a favorable environment, access to information, public participation, and improving mechanisms for handling appeals.

The importance of international and regional cooperation in ensuring human rights was also emphasized, particularly in promoting environmental rights and facilitating the exchange of best practices.

Member of the Constitutional Court of Hungary and Former Commissioner for Fundamental Rights (Ombudsman) of Hungary, Dr. Ákos Kozma, paid a working visit to Ankara on 1-3 April 2026. Chief Ombudsman of Türkiye, Mr. Mehmet Akarca first received Mr. Kozma and his accompanying delegation at the Ombudsman Institution. Dr. Kozma was accompanied by Counsellor and Deputy Head of Mission at the Embassy of Hungary in Türkiye, Mr. Gábor Baár. The meeting was attended by Ombudspersons Mr. Ertunç Erkan Balta, Ms. Fatma Benli Yalçın, Mr. Abdullah Cengiz Makas, Mr. Şerif Yılmaz, Mr. Özcan Yıldız, and the Secretary General of the Ombudsman Institution Mr. Mehmet Doğan.

As part of the visit, the Member of the Constitutional Court of Hungary Dr. Kozma together with Chief Ombudsman of Türkiye Mr. Akarca, held meetings at the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (GNAT) with the Chair of the Petitions Committee of GNAT Ms. Sunay Karamık, and Chair of the Constitutional Committee of GNAT Prof. Dr. Serap Yazıcı Özbudun, and with members of both committees.

The delegation also paid a visit to the President of the Constitutional Court of Türkiye, Mr. Kadir Özkaya.

The working visit concluded with a visit to the President of the Justice Academy of Türkiye,
Mr. Metin Yıldırım, during which Dr. Ákos Kozma was accompanied by the Secretary General of the Ombudsman Institution, Mr. Mehmet Doğan.

The second and concluding session of the Ambassador Program for students from IBA University Karachi was held on 13 April 2026 at the Provincial Ombudsman Secretariat, followed by a certificate distribution ceremony.

The session commenced with an overview of the Ombudsman’s role, after which the Honourable Ombudsman engaged with the ambassadors, acknowledging their selection as young individuals entrusted with the responsibility to advance public awareness and serve as an effective bridge between the institution and the community.

During the interactive discussion, ambassadors shared thoughtful suggestions, including the expansion of awareness initiatives and the incorporation of inclusive measures such as sign language in outreach content. The exchange highlighted the important role ambassadors’ play in enhancing public understanding and strengthening community engagement.

Through their participation, Ambassadors also gained valuable leadership, communication, and interpersonal skills, while strengthening their CVs and improving their prospects for higher education and employment.

In a notable initiative, one ambassador volunteered to organize an awareness session in her village, reflecting the program’s impact for meaningful outreach.

The Ambassador Program continues to empower students as informed representatives, contributing to greater awareness and stronger public engagement across diverse communities.

A delegation led by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Sabina Aliyeva, participated in the 2026 Annual Meeting of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) held in Geneva.

The Ombudsman spoke at this event, which brought together heads and representatives of other countries, as well as representatives of international organizations and experts. The agenda topics were discussed.

Within the framework of the annual meeting, the Ombudsman also delivered a speech during a side event on “Protection of Human Rights in the Digital Space: Experiences and Best Practices of National Human Rights Institutions,” organized by the Ombudsman of Uzbekistan, providing detailed information on the activities carried out in this field in our country.

The Ombudsman noted that significant steps have been taken in Azerbaijan in the fields of digital governance and artificial intelligence and brought to attention that the “Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2025–2028” and the “Action Plan for Accelerating Digital Development in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2026–2028” have been approved by the President of the country.

Sabina Aliyeva noted that the possibilities of applying AI in the activities of the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan are being explored, emphasizing that AI could be beneficial in increasing efficiency in the data analysis process.

The Ombudsman emphasized the significant importance of ensuring the right of access to information, taking into account the impact of AI on information accessibility. She noted that in Azerbaijan, the Ombudsman exercises oversight over information holders’ compliance with the requirements arising from the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On Access to Information,” investigates complaints in this area, and has the authority to draw up protocols.

Ombudsman Sabina Aliyeva also addressed the event titled “Exchange of Good Practices: People on the Move,” held within the framework of the GANHRI Annual Meeting. She highlighted that Azerbaijan has suffered from conflict for many years. The Ombudsman also noted that large-scale restoration and reconstruction efforts are currently being carried out in the liberated territories and that consistent measures are being taken to ensure the safe, voluntary, and dignified return of formerly internally displaced persons to their homes.

The Ombudsman noted that the protection of the rights of refugees, migrants, asylum seekers, and stateless persons is one of the key areas of her activities. She stated that monitoring activities are carried out by the National Preventive Group, as well as within the framework of independent monitoring mechanisms, including visits to temporary accommodation centers and meetings with detained persons to assess the protection of their rights.

Chief Ombudsman of Türkiye, Mr. Mehmet Akarca, attended the online meeting organized on the occasion of the 30^th anniversary of the Asian Ombudsman Association (AOA), of which the Ombudsman Institution of Türkiye is a member of the Board of Directors, on 16 April 2026.

The meeting was chaired by Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan and President of the AOA, Mr. Naveed Kamran Baloch, and was attended by AOA members.

In his speech, Mr. Akarca congratulated the Association on its 30^th anniversary, noting that the AOA, which has made significant contributions to the development of the Ombudsman institution and the concept of Ombudsmanship at the regional and global levels over the course of 30 years since its establishment in 1996, has become a respected and effective network that strengthens mutual understanding, cooperation, and institutional capacity among Ombudsmen.

To mark the 30^th anniversary of the Asian Ombudsman Association (AOA), the CCAC has carried out a series of initiatives to highlight its role and promote the ombudsman function.

The CCAC prepared a special anniversary message broadcast on local Chinese and Portuguese radio stations. The message emphasises the AOA’s mission of strengthening ombudsman systems, fostering cooperation and advancing professional development.

The CCAC also launched a dedicated trilingual webpage (Chinese, Portuguese, and English) on its official site (https://www.ccac.org.mo/en/aoaanniversary.html). The webpage features an introduction to the CCAC, a special message from the Commissioner Against Corruption, Ao Ieong Seong , mentioning of the quality of CCAC as a founding member of the AOA, general information about the AOA, archival photos and details of its participation in the Association, for example, the participation of the Commissioner Against Corruption, Ao Ieong Seong, and the Head of the Research Department of the Ombudsman Bureau, Ng Soi Hong, in the AOA meeting organised by the National Commission of Supervision of China in Nanjing in September 2025.

Furthermore, the theme of the 30^th anniversary of the AOA will be incorporated into various promotional activities on ombudsman work throughout 2026.

Through these efforts, the CCAC reaffirms its commitment to the AOA’s principles of independence, impartiality and integrity while encouraging continued collaborate on among members to strength transparency and good governance across Asia.